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What is a hardware-based RAID?
A RAID is considered hardware-based when it is implemented in hardware, either on the motherboard directly or a separate RAID card. Windows views the entire RAID as a single disk. The individual component disks are controlled by the RAID controller and not directly accessible to Windows.
RAID (redundant array of independent disks) levels 0, 1, 3, and 5 are the levels typically implemented in hardware-based solutions.
Hardware-based RAID uses an intelligent drive controller and a redundant array of disk drives to protect against data loss in the event of media failure and to improve the performance of read/write operations. A disk array is an effective disk-storage solution for computers running database software.
Hardware-based RAID levels 1 through 5 automate redundancy and fault tolerance at the hardware level. All levels (0 through 5) incur no overhead on the system processor. Individual data files are typically spread across more than one disk. It is possible to implement a hardware-based RAID solution that provides your system with seamless, nonstop recovery from media failure.
In general, hardware-based RAID offers performance advantages over Microsoft Windows NT or Windows 2000 software-based RAID. For example, you can improve data throughput significantly by implementing RAID 5 through hardware that does not use system software resources. This is accomplished by using more disks at a given capacity than in conventional storage solution. Read/write performance and total storage size can be further improved by using multiple controllers.
Depending on the configuration, hardware-based RAID generally provides good performance. It also makes it much easier to manage multiple disks, allowing you to treat an array of disks as one disk. You may even be able to replace a failed drive without shutting down the system. The disadvantages of a hardware-based solution are cost, and it may lock you into a single vendor.
For more information about implementing hardware-based RAID, contact the hardware vendor.
| Description | Advantages | |
|---|---|---|
| Software-based RAID | Primarily used with entry-levelservers, software-based arrays rely on a standard hostadapter and execute all I/O commands and mathematicallyintensive RAID algorithms in the host server CPU. Thiscan slow system performance by increasing host PCI bustraffic, CPU utilization, and CPU interrupts. Some NOSssuch as NetWare and Windows NT include embedded RAIDsoftware. The chief advantage of this embedded RAIDsoftware has been its lower cost compared tohigher-priced RAID alternatives. However, this advantageis disappearing with the advent of lower-cost, bus-basedarray adapters. | |
| Hardware-based RAID | Unlike software-based arrays,bus-based array adapters/controllers plug into a hostbus slot [typically a 133 MByte (MB)/sec PCI bus] andoffload some or all of the I/O commands and RAIDoperations to one or more secondary processors.Originally used only with mid- to high-end servers dueto cost, lower-cost bus-based array adapters are nowavailable specifically for entry-level server networkapplications. In addition to offering the fault-tolerant benefits ofRAID, bus-based array adapters/controllers performconnectivity functions that are similar to standard hostadapters. By residing directly on a host PCI bus, theyprovide the highest performance of all array types.Bus-based arrays also deliver more robust fault-tolerantfeatures than embedded NOS RAID software. As newer, high-end technologies such as Fibre Channelbecome readily available, the performance advantage ofbus-based arrays compared to external array controllersolutions may diminish. | |
| External Hardware RAID Card | Intelligent external arraycontrollers "bridge" between one or more server I/Ointerfaces and single- or multiple-device channels.These controllers feature an on-board microprocessor,which provides high performance and handles functionssuch as executing RAID software code and supporting datacaching. External array controllers offer complete operatingsystem independence, the highest availability, and theability to scale storage to extraordinarily largecapacities (up to a terabyte and beyond). Thesecontrollers are usually installed in networks of standalone Intel-based and UNIX-based servers as well asclustered server environments. |
RAID Levels instruction: RAID 0 - RAID 1 - RAID 2 - RAID 3 - RAID 4 - RAID 5 - RAID 0/1 (or RAID 10)
Types Of RAID: Hardware-based Raid | Software-based Raid
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